Notable genetic distance in critically endangered lizard Homonota rupicola Cacciali, Ávila & Bauer, 2007 identified through DNA barcodes (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae)

Abstract

Among modern taxonomy tools genetic barcoding is a widely used method for species identification, although additional molecular inferences can be made, such as information about genetic distances and phylogenies. In Paraguay, there is a large mtDNA library based on the 16S gene. Using samples from newly described localities for the critically endangered and Paraguayan endemic, Homonota rupicola, we generated valuable information. Results show a concordance with previous phylogenies. Additionally, based on the high genetic distance between samples, it is possible to infer that the two analyzed populations are isolated, and it is likely that the genetic interchange is somewhat reduced. This situation is worsened by the fact that there is a highway crossing between the rocky outcrops. Conservation attention and further research are crucial to understanding the genetic status of this micro-endemic lizard.