RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Evaluation of the acute toxicity by Artemia salina of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles obtained via sol-gel in an aqueous medium without using additives A1 Monteiro Schaerer, Magna María A1 Medina, Lucas A1 Casanova, Pablo A1 Espínola Colmán, María Magdalena A1 Machado, Aline A1 Ribeiro, Alexandre A. A1 Riquet, Alexia A1 Batista Azevedo Rangel Miguel, Thaiz A1 de Castro Miguel, Emilio A1 Quevedo Nogueira, Ricardo E. F. AB Hydroxyapatite (Hap) is one of the most important calcium phosphate bioceramics applied to bone tissue regeneration. Synthesizing Hap nanoparticles from easily accessible and low-cost alternative sources of calcium precursors remains a challenge, as well as defining an ideal and reproducible synthesis route without using additives to control the pH of the reaction and entirely performed at room temperature. This study proposes a route for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite by the sol-gel method without the addition of additives for pH control, carried out at room temperature. The Hap samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and BET. The synthesized Hap presented a spherical morphology without the formation of unwanted phases or residues. Samples calcined at 600 and 750 °C resulted in stoichiometric hydroxyapatite with 100% purity and average particle sizes of 24 and 53 nm, respectively. On the other hand, the samples calcined at 900 and 1050 °C presented a specific content of β-calcium phosphate and average particle sizes of 118 and 732 nm, respectively. Acute toxicity was evaluated by Artemia salina nauplii instar I and II for 24 and 48 h of exposure. The tests were conducted on 10, 100, and 1000 ppm of Hap dissolutions. The highest death rate and more significant morphological alterations were observed in A. salina nauplii instar II, exposed to Hap at a concentration of 1000 ppm for 48 h. PB Elsevier SN 0272-8842 YR 2023 FD 2023-09-21 LK http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14066/4501 UL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14066/4501 LA eng NO Monteiro, M., Medina, L., Casanova, P., Espínola, M., Machado, A., Ribeiro, A. A., Riquet, A., Batista Azevedo Rangel Miguel, T., de Castro Miguel, E., & Quevedo Nogueira, R. E. F. (2023). Evaluation of the acute toxicity by Artemia salina of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles obtained via sol-gel in an aqueous medium without using additives. Ceramics International, 49(23), 38509-38518.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.09.181 NO Corresponding author: Magna Monteiro, mmonteiro@pol.una.py NO Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología DS MINDS@UW RD 02-feb-2025