Artículos científicos

Adaptación y validación del instrumento CODIDORA al contexto paraguayo

Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Adaptación y validación del instrumento CODIDORA al contexto paraguayo Álvarez Herrero, Juan Francisco; Denis Cácaro, Matías; Palacios Zuiderwyk, Rocío María Celeste; Raychakowski Sowa, Elsa Cristina Entre las competencias profesionales de un docente, la competencia digital ha adquirido en los últimos años un especial protagonismo, en parte debido a la pandemia de la COVID-19, que ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad e importancia de esta competencia. Muchos países llevan años trabajando en la regulación y evaluación de esta competencia digital de sus docentes. Así, se han elaborado marcos de referencia de dicha competencia e instrumentos para evaluarla. En Paraguay, a pesar de que el Plan de Acción Educativa 2018-2023 contempla trabajar en esta dirección en una de sus líneas de acción, todavía no existe un marco ni un instrumento de evaluación de la competencia digital de sus docentes. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación es adaptar y validar un instrumento ya existente en el contexto español, el CODIDORA, para poder aplicarlo en Paraguay y obtener una primera aproximación al grado de competencia digital real y autopercibida de los docentes paraguayos. Para ello el instrumento original fue sometido a un juicio de expertos y a una prueba piloto con una muestra formada por docentes de formación docente y estudiantes de la nueva formación docente, lo que propició la obtención del instrumento CODIDORA-PY. En este proceso, ya se ha constatado que el nivel de competencia digital de los docentes paraguayos, obtenido en la prueba piloto, está por debajo de lo deseable para cualquier docente. De ahí que este instrumento constituye una excelente herramienta para recabar información necesaria para conocer la realidad del docente paraguayo y así en un futuro establecer un marco de referencia de la competencia digital docente.; Among the professional competencies of a teacher, digital competency has gained special prominence in recent years, partly due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has highlighted the necessity and importance of this competency. Many countries have been working for years on the regulation and evaluation of this digital competency of their teachers. Thus, reference frameworks for this competency and instruments to evaluate it have been developed. In Paraguay, despite the fact that the 2018-2023 Educational Action Plan contemplates working in this direction in one of its lines of action, there is still no framework or evaluation instrument for the digital competency of its teachers. Therefore, the objective of this research is to adapt and validate an existing instrument in the Spanish context, the CODIDORA, to be able to apply it in Paraguay and obtain a first approximation to the real and self-perceived digital competency level of Paraguayan teachers. For this, the original instrument was subjected to an expert judgment and a pilot test with a sample made up of teacher training teachers and students of the new teacher training, which led to the obtaining of the CODIDORA-PY instrument. In this process, it has already been found that the level of digital competency of Paraguayan teachers, obtained in the pilot test, is below what is desirable for any teacher. Hence, this instrument constitutes an excellent tool to gather necessary information to know the reality of the Paraguayan teacher and thus, in the future, establish a reference framework for the digital teaching competency. Autor corresponsal: Juan Francisco Álvarez, e-mail: juanfran.alvarez@ua.es.

Sliding mode observer with exponential reaching law for speed estimation of a six-phase induction machine

Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Sliding mode observer with exponential reaching law for speed estimation of a six-phase induction machine Delorme Diarte, Silvia Larizza; Ayala Silva, Magno Elías; González Barrios, Osvaldo Julián; Rodas Benítez, Jorge Esteban; Fleitas Bordón, Ariel; Gregor Recalde, Raúl Igmar; de la Casa Hernández, Jesús High-performance sensorless operation in multiphase electric drives requires speed estimation techniques capable of providing fast dynamic response, reduced oscillatory behavior, and low implementation complexity. In this context, a sliding-mode observer (SMO) based on an exponential reaching law (ERL) is proposed for rotor speed estimation in asymmetrical six-phase induction machines operating under indirect rotor field-oriented control. Unlike conventional SMO implementations, the proposed approach avoids auxiliary low-pass filtering (LPF) stages by employing an ERL-based adaptive gain mechanism, thereby preventing the phase delay and bandwidth reduction commonly associated with LPF-based observers. As a result, the proposed observer preserves fast transient dynamics, attenuates chattering near the sliding surface, and improves the smoothness of the estimated signals. The proposed technique is particularly suitable for multiphase drive applications, where sensorless operation reduces hardware complexity and improves system reliability by eliminating mechanical speed sensors and associated wiring. A Lyapunov-based stability analysis is presented to demonstrate the convergence properties of the observer and discuss the influence of the ERL parameters on the estimation dynamics. Simulation and experimental results obtained on a real-time test bench validate the digital implementation of the proposed SMO + ERL, demonstrating improved transient tracking, smoother estimated signals, stable low-speed operation, satisfactory speed reversal performance, and effective operation under loaded conditions. Correspondence: ldelorme@ing.una.py (L.D.); jcasa@ujaen.es (J.C.H.).; This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Fault Diagnosis of Electric Machines.

Short-term repeat HPV testing for triaging HPV-positive women in cervical cancer screening

Fri, 03 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Short-term repeat HPV testing for triaging HPV-positive women in cervical cancer screening Baena Zapata, Armando; Picconi, María Alejandra; Mendoza Torres, Laura Patricia; Ferrera, Annabelle; Mesher, David; Lineros, Johana; Brizuela, Marisol; Mongelós Dacunte, Pamela Esther; Cabrera, Yessy; Fellner, Maria Dolores; Zambrana, Osmalia; García, Laura; Hernández, Pilar; Bobadilla Frizzola, María Liz; Ramon, María; Venegas, Gino; Villagra Carrón, Verónica; Cruz, Aurelio; Rodríguez, Guillermo; Terán, Carolina; Calderón, Alejandro; Wiesner, Carolina; Herrero, Rolando; Almonte, Maribel; ESTAMPA Study Group Background. Persistent HPV infection causes cervical cancer, but most infections are transient. Triage methods identify high-risk women needing further evaluation or treatment. We assessed short-term repeat HPV testing as an alternative triage option. Methods. In ESTAMPA, women aged 30–64 years were screened with HPV testing (HC2 or Cobas) and cytology. Screen positives were referred to colposcopy approximately two months after screening, where cervical samples were collected again for repeat HPV testing. We evaluated the performance of repeat HPV for CIN3+ among HPV-positive women and explored its combination with limited HPV genotyping (HPV16/18). Results. Among 5390 HPV-positive women (including 629 CIN3 cases and 53 cancers), 61% retested positive at ~2 months (median: 1.8, interquartile range: 1.2–2.8). Repeat HPV sensitivity for CIN3+ was 81.5% (95% CI 77.2–85.2) for HC2 and 87.7% (83.7–90.8) for Cobas. Specificity was <50% with referral rates of 57.4% (55.7–59.0) and 68.2% (66.1–70.2) for HC2 and Cobas. HPV16/18 genotyping followed by repeat HPV among non-HPV16/18-positive women did not greatly improve performance. However, HPV16/18 positivity doubled the risk of CIN3+, supporting its combination with repeat HPV when available. Conclusions. Short-term repeat HPV testing could be a practical option for triaging HPV-positive women, either alone or in combination with limited HPV genotyping.

Actividad vocal del Urutaú (Nyctibius griseus) en relación con las fases lunares en Villa Franca, Paraguay

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Actividad vocal del Urutaú (Nyctibius griseus) en relación con las fases lunares en Villa Franca, Paraguay Ortiz, Fátima Natalia; Salinas González, Patricia Concepción; Esquivel Mattos, Alberto; Zárate Betzel, Griselda Inés; Núñez Goralewski, Karina Beatriz; Rivera Gutiérrez, Héctor Fabio; Silla, Fernando Este estudio analiza la actividad vocal de Nyctibius griseus en relación con las fases lunares en los humedales de Villa Franca, Ñeembucú, Paraguay. Se aplicó Monitoreo Acústico Pasivo durante un año (febrero 2022–enero 2023), procesando 81.630 grabaciones, equivalentes a 6.802 horas de audio, mediante la plataforma Arbimon. Los resultados revelan un incremento significativo de vocalizaciones durante fases de alta iluminación lunar, con un 47,8 % de los registros en luna llena. La mayor actividad se concentró entre las 00:00 y 05:00 horas, alcanzando picos en octubre y enero, posiblemente vinculados a comportamientos reproductivos. Asimismo, los bosques registraron mayor intensidad vocal que la sabana palmar, resaltando su relevancia ecológica para la especie. En conjunto, estos hallazgos evidencian la influencia de factores ambientales en la comunicación acústica y la necesidad urgente de conservar los humedales, ecosistemas esenciales para la biodiversidad y la dinámica sonora nocturna.; This study examines the vocal activity of Nyctibius griseus in relation to lunar illumination in the wetlands of Villa Franca, Ñeembucú, Paraguay. Passive Acoustic Monitoring was conducted over one year (February 2022–January 2023), resulting in the processing of 81,630 recordings, equivalent to 6,802 hours of audio, using the platform Arbimon. The results revealed a marked increase in vocal activity during periods of high lunar illumination, with 47.8% of detections occurring under full moon conditions. Vocal activity was most intense between 00:00 and 05:00 hours, with pronounced peaks in October and January, likely associated with reproductive behavior. Forest habitats exhibited higher vocal activity than palm savannas, underscoring their ecological importance for the species. Overall, these findings demonstrate the influence of environmental factors on acoustic communication and highlight the urgent need to conserve wetland ecosystems, which play a critical role in maintaining biodiversity and shaping nocturnal soundscape dynamics. Autor de correspondencia: fatimanortiz@gmail.com.