RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Optimal control of fractional punishment in optional public goods game A1 Grau Figueredo, Josias A1 Botta Solano López, Magdalena del Rocío A1 Schaerer Serra, Christian Emilio A2 Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Facultad Politécnica AB Punishment is probably the most frequently used mechanism to increase cooperation in Public Goods Games (PGG); however, it is expensive. To address this problem, this paper introduces an optimal control problem that uses fractional punishment to promote cooperation. We present a series of computational experiments illustrating the effects of single and combined terms of the optimization cost function. In the findings, the optimal controller outperforms the use of constant fractional punishment and gives an insight into the period and size of the penalization to be implemented with respect to the defection in the game. PB Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática Aplicada e Computacional YR 2024 FD 2024-11-28 LK http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14066/4611 UL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14066/4611 LA eng NO Grau, J., Botta, R., & Schaerer, C. E. (2024). Optimal control of fractional punishment in optional public goods game. Trends in Computational and Applied Mathematics, 25(1), Article e01737. https://doi.org/10.5540/tcam.2024.025.e01737 NO Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología DS MINDS@UW RD 04-sep-2026