Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns
Author(s)
Tucker, Marlee A.; Schipper, Aafke M.; Adams, Tempe S. F.; Attias, Nina; Avgar, Tal; Babic, Natarsha L.; Barker, Kristin J.; Bastille Rousseau, Guillaume; Behr, Dominik M.; Belant, Jerrold L.; Beyer Jr., Dean E.; Blaum, Niels; Blount, J. David; Bockmühl, Dirk; Pires Boulhosa, Ricardo Luiz; Brown, Michael B.; Buuveibaatar, Bayarbaatar; Cagnacci, Francesca; Calabrese, Justin M.; Černe, Rok; Chamaillé Jammes, Simon; Nyein Chan, Aung; Chase, Michael J.; Chaval, Yannick; Chenaux Ibrahim, Yvette; Cherry, Seth G.; Ćirović, Duško; Çoban, Emrah; Cole, Eric K.; Conlee, Laura; Courtemanch, Alyson; Cozzi, Gabriele; Davidson, Sarah C.; DeBloois, Darren; Dejid, Nandintsetseg; DeNicola, Vickie; Desbiez, Arnaud L. J.; Douglas Hamilton, Iain; Drake, David; Egan, Michael; Eikelboom, Jasper A.J.; Fagan, William F.; Farmer, Morgan J.; Fennessy, Julian; Finnegan, Shannon P.; Fleming, Christen H.; Fournier, Bonnie; Fowler, Nicholas L.; Gantchoff, Mariela G.; Garnier, Alexandre; Gehr, Benedikt; Geremia, Chris; Goheen, Jacob R.; Hauptfleisch, Morgan L.; Hebblewhite, Mark; Heim, Morten; Hertel, Anne G.; Heurich, Marco; Hewison, A. J. Mark; Hodson, James; Hoffman, Nicholas; Hopcraft, J. Grant C.; Huber, Djuro; Isaac, Edmund J.; Janik, Karolina; Ježek, Miloš; Johansson, Örjan; Jordan, Neil R.; Kaczensky, Petra; Kamaru, Douglas N.; Kauffman, Matthew J.; Kautz, Todd M.; Kays, Roland; Kelly, Allicia P.; Kindberg, Jonas; Krofel, Miha; Kusak, Josip; Lamb, Clayton T.; LaSharr, Tayler N.; Leimgruber, Peter; Leitner, Horst; Lierz, Michael; Linnell, John D.C.; Lkhagvaja, Purevjav; Long, Ryan A.; López Bao, José Vicente; Loretto, Matthias Claudio; Marchand, Pascal; Martin, Hans; Martinez, Lindsay A.; McBride Jr., Roy T.; McLaren, Ashley A.D.; Meisingset, Erling; Melzheimer, Joerg; Merrill, Evelyn H.; Middleton, Arthur D.; Monteith, Kevin L.; Moore, Seth A.; Van Moorter, Bram; Morellet, Nicolas; Morrison, Thomas; Müller, Rebekka; Mysterud, Atle; Noonan, Michael J.; O’Connor, David; Olson, Daniel; Olson, Kirk A.; Ortega, Anna C.; Ossi, Federico; Panzacchi, Manuela; Patchett, Robert; Patterson, Brent R.; Cunha de Paula, Rogerio; Payne, John; Peters, Wibke; Petroelje, Tyler R.; Pitcher, Benjamin J.; Pokorny, Boštjan; Poole, Kim; Potocnik, Hubert; Poulin, Marie Pier; Pringle, Robert M.; Prins, Herbert H. T.; Ranc, Nathan; Reljić, Slaven; Robb, Benjamin; Röder, Ralf; Rolandsen, Christer M.; Rutz, Christian; Salemgareyev, Albert R.; Samelius, Gustaf; Sayine Crawford, Heather; Schooler, Sarah; Şekercioğlu, Çağan H.; Selva, Nuria; Semenzato, Paola; Sergiel, Agnieszka; Sharma, Koustubh; Shawler, Avery L.; Signer, Johannes; Silovský, Václav; Silva, João Paulo; Simon, Richard; Smiley, Rachel A.; Smith, Douglas W.; Solberg, Erling J.; Ellis Soto, Diego; Spiegel, Orr; Stabach, Jared; Stacy Dawes, Jenna; Stahler, Daniel R.; Stephenson, John; Stewart, Cheyenne; Strand, Olav; Sunde, Peter; Svoboda, Nathan J.; Swart, Jonathan; Thompson, Jeffrey James; Toal, Katrina L.; Uiseb, Kenneth; VanAcker, Meredith C.; Velilla, Marianela; Verzuh, Tana L.; Wachter, Bettina; Wagler, Brittany L.; Whittington, Jesse; Wikelski, Martin; Wilmers, Christopher C.; Wittemyer, George; Young, Julie K.; Zieba, Filip; Zwijacz Kozica, Tomasz; Huijbregts, Mark A. J.; Mueller, ThomasDate of publishing
2023-06-09Type of publication
info:eu-repo/semantics/articleSubject(s)
Animales
Animales salvajes
Comportamiento animal
COVID-19
Cuarentena
Mamíferos
Migración animal
Animals
Animals, wild
Animal behaviour
COVID-19
Quarantine
Mammals
Animal migration
Animales salvajes
Comportamiento animal
COVID-19
Cuarentena
Mamíferos
Migración animal
Animals
Animals, wild
Animal behaviour
COVID-19
Quarantine
Mammals
Animal migration
Abstract
COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals’ 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12% and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide.